The Use of Symbolism in The Lottery by Shirley Jackson Essay -- Lotter

The Use of Symbolism in The Lottery by Shirley Jackson In The Lottery, Shirley Jackson uses symbolism to make us aware of the pointless nature of humanity regarding usance and violence. The story starts off on a beautiful summer day in a miserable town. The author describes the day as very euphoric alone strikes a contrast between the atmosphere of the town and the atmosphere of the people gathered in the square. The atmosphere is subdued, where the children are gathered around quietly. The black box is the central theme or idea in the story. It symbolizes at first some oddball of mystery, but as we read the ending we realize that it is synonymous with doom. Someones fate lies in an inanimate object, the black box. We do not always enjoy change, unconstipated if it might prove beneficial to us. The box is symbolic of our loathing of change it is old and splintered showing that we cling to what is familiar rather than change and it also symbolizes the traditions of the p artnership. No one in the little town questions the origin of the black box, but accept it as an intrical part of their lives. There is alwaysdiscussion of people get a new box, but no one ever really goesthrough with it. Everuy year, after the lottery, Mr.Summers began talkingagain about a new box, but every year the subject was allowed to fadeoff without anythings being done. The lottery itself is symbolic of the paradox of the human psyche between compassion on one hand and the thirst for violence and cruelty on the other. An example of this is when the children are enjoying a break from school, playing and being children, and suddenly they are being joined by rational adults in stoning a mother to death. It appears that tradition has blinded these people in an irrational way, making them unable to telephone of a reason why this possibly should not be happening. When forced with the possibility of death, human nature in all its complexity, comes down to one voluntary urge, that of survival. When Tessie was in no danger she was gossiping with the other ladies and even encouraged her husband to go and pick a piece of paper. When Tessie wins the lottery she pleads for another find out and screams for mercy. She demands that her daughters take their chances as well, which is indicative of regression toward our ... ...in. They chose this method of sacrifice in order to yield themselves from the responsibility and burden of murder. Even though the towns lottery has disordered all traditional value the sacrificing has held steadfast. As it says in The Lottery ? although the villagers had forgotten the ritual and lost the original black box, they still remember to use the rocks.? This mention means that even though their tradition has gone off course they will always hold to their beliefs about sacrifice. To summarize they held true to their beliefs because of apprehension. So tradition has subconsciously made the community unaware of their ho rrible actions. The citizens of the village are not afraid of change. They are afraid of what change will bring. The present community has never known a year without the lottery or depleted crops. They fear if they if they disband from the traditional sacrifice their crops will fail. Also their warm honorable homes will fade away and the dampened caves that have become so fictional to them will appear to be realistic problems. Works CitedJackson, Shirley. The Lottery. The Lottery. New YorkPopular Library, 1949.

Violence is Caused by Cultural Diversities :: Diversity Culture Religion Essays

Violence is Caused by Cultural Diversities In todays complex society the evidence of a variety of religions is much apparent than ever. devotion is the service and worship of God or the supernatural. Although in its broadest sense religion is simply the expression of a relationship with a supreme power, people demand always made religion a formal process. Satellite communications have brought to our attention the diversity of culture as well as religion. We aver and witness on a daily basis the conflicts that are a result of different religious beliefs. In order to understand the complexities of the worlds major religions, we pick up to examine their basic beliefs. Those who believe in one supreme being or God, have a monotheistic religion those who believe in more than one supreme being adopts a polytheistic religion. Within these two broad classifications, religions can be separated into four categories the religious savages the religions of primit ive culture, such as those of ancient Mexico, Peru, and the South Sea Islands the religions of advanced culture, such as were practiced in Egypt, Assyria, Babylon, Greece and Rome and the religions that are co-extensive with our life such as Christianity, Hinduism, Buddhism, Judaism, and Mohammedanism. religion of such things as stars, the sun and moon, rivers, trees, and spirits of ancestors, as well as the practice of magic, are characteristic of the first two groups. Mythology is a factor in the religions of the third group. The religions of the last group deal with morals and manner of living, and a mans relation with the spiritual divine thus these religions exert a tremendous influence on the world of today. Catholicism is the practice, faith, or system of Catholic Christianity. Catholic Christianity is forming the ancient undivided Christian Church or a church claiming historical continuity from it. Catholic Christianity is a belief in God that i s very popular all over the world. Until the Reformation of the Roman Catholic Church, Protestants were the only important Christian organization in Europe.

Type 1 Diabetes (Juvenile Diabetes) Essay -- Disease/Disorders

Type 1 diabetes, is an incurable however treatable disease which can occur at any age but is mostly found in children due to the high levels of glucose in the pitch (Eckman 2011). Juvenile diabetes affects about 1 in every 400-600 children and more than 13,000 are diagnosed yearbook (Couch 2008). Type 1 Diabetes means your blood glucose, or blood sugar, is too high. With Type 1 diabetes, your pancreas does not make insulin. Insulin is a hormone, which helps glucose gets into your cells to provide energy. Without insulin, too oft glucose stays in your blood. Over time, high blood glucose can lead to serious problems with your heart, eyes, kidneys, nerves, gums and teeth (American Diabetes Association). Previous research has suggested proper insulin management, a balanced fare and exercise will help maintain glycemic control and lessen the chance of complications (Couch 2008).Symptoms are an indication of something being wrong. In the case of discovering juvenile diabetes, some sy mptoms take on but are not limited to, being extremely thirsty, frequent urination, often feeling tired and or hungry. Some may experience unexplained weight loss, the delay of sores healing properly, dry and itchy skin may also occur. Others have had a feeling of tingling in their feet and even having blurred vision. The symptoms listed may be the first sign of type 1 diabetes, or may occur when the sugar is high. (Eckman 2011). Warning signs in other cases may be an indication of very high glucose levels, though the symptoms may vary in different people, the possibilities of individuals experiencing the same symptoms are likely. Following are some symptoms encountered by children whose blood sugar is very high. Deep, rapid breathing may take place, their ... ...etes. Bethesda, MD. National Institutes of Health, Dept. Of Health and Human Services.Neithercott, T. (Jan. 2012). Continuous Glucose Monitors. Diabetes Forecast, 65(1) 44-6. Magazine. Retrieved from ProQuest Research L ibrary.Neu, A Hofer, S.E., MD Karges, Beate Oeverink, Rudolf Rosenbauer, J Holl, R.W., MD. (Sept. 2009). ketoacidosis at Diabetes Onset Is Still Frequent in Children and Adolescents A multicenter analysis of 14,664 patients from 106 institutions. Diabetes Care, 32(9) 1647-8. Scholarly Journals. Retrieved from ProQuest Research Library.United States. (2011). Type 1 Diabetes Research Real pass around and Real Hope for a Cure. Hearing Before the Committee on Homeland Security and Government Affairs, United States Senate, of the One Hundred Eleventh Congress, beginning Session, June 24, 2009. Washington, DC Washington U.S. G.P.O., 2011

Egyptian Tombs :: World History Essays

Egyptian TombsEgyptologists had lost interest in the site of tomb 5, which hadbeen explored and looted decades ago. Therefore, they wanted to give wayto a parking lot. However, no one would have ever known the treasure thatlay only 200 ft. from King Tuts resting rest home which was beyond a fewrubble strewn rooms that previous excavators had used to hold theirdebris.Dr. Kent Weeks, an Egyptologist with the American University inCairo, wanted to be sure the new parking facility wouldnt destroyanything important. Thus, Dr. weeks embarked in 1988 on one finalexploration of the old dumping ground. Eventually he was able to pry opena door blocked for thousands of years, and denote the discovery of alife time. We found ourselves in a corridor, he remembers. On each sidewere 10 doors and at end there was a statue of Osiris, the god of theafterlife.The tomb is mostly unexcavated and the chambers are choked withdebris, Weeks is convinced that there are more rooms on a lower level, deliveran ce the total number to more than 100. That would make tomb 5 thebiggest and most complex tomb ever found in Egypt, and quite conceivablethe resting place of up to 50 sons of Ramesses II, perhaps the best knownof all the pharaohs, the ruler believed to have been Moses nemesis inthe book of Exodus.The Valley of the Kings, in which Tomb 5 is located, is justacross the Nile River from Luxor, Egypt. It is never exactly been off thebeaten track. Tourism has been brisk in the valley for millenniumsgraffiti scrawled on tomb walls proves that Greek and roman print travelersstopped here to gaze at the wall paintings and hieroglyphics that werealready old long before the birth of Christ. Archaeologists have beencoming for centuries too. Napoleon brought his own team up of excavators whenhe invaded in 1798, and a series of expeditions in 19th and early 20thcenturies uncovered one tomb after another. A total of 61 burial spots hadbeen found by the time the British explorer Howard Carter opene d thetreasure-laden tomb of King Tutankhamun in 1922.Britains James Burton had burrowed into the site of Tomb 5 in1820, and decided that there was nothing inside. A dismissive Carter usedits entryway as a place to dump the debris he was truckage out of Tutstomb.In the late 1980s, came the proposed parking area and Weeksconcern. His 1988 foray made it clear that the tomb wasnt dull as Burtonsaid. Elaborate carvings covered walls and referred to Ramesses II, whose

Robert Frost Essay -- essays research papers

Robert Lee ice was born in San Francisco on March 26, 1874 and died in Boston on January 29, 1963. ice was considered to be one of Americas leading 20th century poets and a four-time winner of the Pulitzer Prize. He was an essentially pastoral poet who was often associated with rural New England. Frost wrote poems of a philosophical region. His poems were traditional but he often said as a dig at his archrival Carl Sandburg, that he would soon play lawn tennis without a net as write free verse. Frost said this because he believed he was a pioneer of rhythm and meter and in the poetical use of vocabulary and inflections of everyday life and speech. Frosts poetry is considered to be traditional, experimental, regional, and universal (Robert 1997).Frost was born of two teachers. At the age of ten, Frost suffered the loss of his father. After the death of his father, his mother moved to Lawrence, Massachusetts. He grew up in a teaching atmosphere, along with its problems. Early in F rosts school career, he was extremely careless and preferred fun and game to his studies. In high school, he decided to apply and involve himself in many areas. He receive in three years from high school at the head of his class. After high school he attended Dartmouth and Harvard but ended up non finishing at either due to personal problems (Newdick).He was destined to be a teacher. Frost after not making it in college, went to teach at his mothers school in Salem, New Hampshire. In 1912 he went to England to be with his family, and in his publication of North of Boston, in 1914, he was finally hailed as the great artist that he truly was. After he returned to America in 1915, he went to Harvard and read a poem for some exercises, and was instantly honor by institutions of higher learning by their conferring degrees on him (Biography).Throughout Frosts 60 years of existence, he spent 30 of those years teaching a fractional a dozen subjects. He has taught in schools ranging from plain white country schoolhouses in his native land of New England to the proud American Universities. He has gained one-half a lifetime of considered experience and philosophical observations (Libraries).In the critical analysis that I read, the critics were hard on Frosts work Road not taken. The first critic, William George, starts off by attacking other critics, saying they misin... ... with advanced or wrong situations, and the speaker has to choose which road, or decision, to take. I like to have in mind that I can somewhat relate to the speaker. I have had to make many choices throughout my life and I will never know whether my choices were right or wrong until I made them.The speaker kind of concludes the poem by saying that he is relieved that he chose the right road to take. I look back and wonder if I had chosen a few different roads, how everything would have come out. I think that a lot of the roads I chose to take have been good, as far as I know.Work CitedBiograp hy www.pro-net.co.uk/home/catalyst/RF/bio.html. 2000.Cervo, Nathan Frosts The Road Not taken Proquest March 27.George, William Frosts The Road Not Taken Proquest March 27.Libraries/media centers Robert Frost Elementary school. American school and University Overland Park Aug 1999.Newdick, Robert S. Robert Frost and the American college. The Journal of higher(prenominal) Education Columbus Sep./Oct. 1999.Robert Frost on the Web http//www.amherstcommon.com/walking_tour/frost.html.1997.Robert Frost (1874-1963) http//www.lit.kobe-u.ac.jp/hishika/frost.htm 2000.

Robert Frost Essay -- essays research papers

Robert Lee icing was born in San Francisco on March 26, 1874 and died in Boston on January 29, 1963. Frost was considered to be one of Americas leading 20th century poets and a four-time winner of the Pulitzer Prize. He was an essentially pastoral poet who was often associated with rural mod England. Frost wrote poems of a philosophical region. His poems were traditional but he often said as a dig at his archrival Carl Sandburg, that he would soon shirk tennis without a net as write free verse. Frost said this because he believed he was a pioneer of rhythm and meter and in the poetic use of vocabulary and inflections of everyday life and speech. Frosts poetry is considered to be traditional, experimental, regional, and universal (Robert 1997).Frost was born of two teachers. At the progress of ten, Frost suffered the loss of his father. After the death of his father, his mother moved to Lawrence, Massachusetts. He grew up in a teaching atmosphere, along with its problems. Early i n Frosts give instruction career, he was extremely careless and preferred fun and game to his studies. In high school, he decided to apply and involve himself in many areas. He graduated in three years from high school at the head of his class. After high school he attend Dartmouth and Harvard but ended up not finishing at either due to personal problems (Newdick).He was destined to be a teacher. Frost after not fashioning it in college, went to teach at his mothers school in Salem, New Hampshire. In 1912 he went to England to be with his family, and in his publication of North of Boston, in 1914, he was eventually hailed as the great artist that he truly was. After he returned to America in 1915, he went to Harvard and read a poem for some exercises, and was straightaway honored by institutions of higher learning by their conferring degrees on him (Biography).Throughout Frosts 60 years of existence, he spent 30 of those years teaching a half a dozen subjects. He has taught in s chools ranging from plain white country schoolhouses in his native land of New England to the proud American Universities. He has gained half a lifetime of considered experience and philosophical observations (Libraries).In the critical analysis that I read, the critics were hard on Frosts work driveway not taken. The first critic, William George, starts off by attacking other critics, saying they misin... ... with right or wrong situations, and the speaker has to choose which alley, or decision, to take. I alike(p) to think that I can somewhat relate to the speaker. I have had to make many choices throughout my life and I will never notice whether my choices were right or wrong until I made them.The speaker kind of concludes the poem by saying that he is relieved that he chose the right road to take. I look back and wonder if I had chosen a few different roads, how everything would have come out. I think that a passel of the roads I chose to take have been good, as far as I k now.Work CitedBiography www.pro-net.co.uk/home/catalyst/RF/bio.html. 2000.Cervo, Nathan Frosts The Road non Taken Proquest March 27.George, William Frosts The Road Not Taken Proquest March 27.Libraries/media centers Robert Frost Elementary school. American school and University Overland Park Aug 1999.Newdick, Robert S. Robert Frost and the American college. The journal of Higher Education Columbus Sep./Oct. 1999.Robert Frost on the Web http//www.amherstcommon.com/walking_tour/frost.html.1997.Robert Frost (1874-1963) http//www.lit.kobe-u.ac.jp/hishika/frost.htm 2000.

How to build a computer Essay

Every to the full functioning computer is made of the same basic components and here Ill walk through the basic hardw ar youll contract for your first build. There are several components a computer. However, its important to first understand what each component does. The central processor (CPU) is corresponding the brain of a computer, the thing that carries out the tasks you give it. Better CPUs can perform more tasks at in one case, and perform them faster. Not everyone takes full advantage of their processors full speed, so the high- give the axe processers are only really needed if youre performing intensive things like gaming or video editing.Its excessively one of the most high-ticket(prenominal) parts of a computer, so if you arent doing these types of things, you dont need to buy the latest and greatest. Another expensive part is the motherboard connects all the other components to each other, and is the physical base that you build everything else onto. It contains a lot of your machines core features, like the descend of USB ports, the number of expansion cards you can put in (like video, sound, and Wi-Fi), and also determines how big your computer will be. The motherboard you buy will depend on the type of drug user you are. The case holds all of your computers parts to shellher.For the most part, a case is less about features that sham how your computer runs and more about features that affect you and your home. Still, its an important consideration that is dependent on your other choices, so you capacity want to think about everything before buying one. Make current the case buy will hold motherboard. RAM, or Random Access Memory, is like your computers short-term memory. It stores data your computer needs straightaway access to help your programs run faster, and help you run more programs at one beat. That basically means the more you want to do at once the more RAM youll need.The graphics card, or GPU, is a processor designed to h andle graphics. Its what you hook your monitor up to, and its what draws your desktop and your windows on the screen. Some motherboards come with a GPU already integrated, which is enough to manage your desktop, but not enough for watching high definition video or playing games. Your hard drives are what store all of your data, ranging from your operating system to your documents, music, and movies. If the RAM is your computers short-term memory, your hard drive is the long-term memory. It stores the things you want to take place around for a while.An optical drive, more commonly known as a CD or DVD drive is what youll use to read CDs, DVDs, and tear down Blu-Ray discs. Not everyone needs an optical drive in his/her computer, but youll need one to interpose anything from a disc. The final major component youll need is the mightiness supply. This does just as the name implies, it powers the computer. Depending on what you plan on using the computer for will determine the size o f power supply youll need. Just as I said with picking the case, wait to pick this out until you figure out how much power youll need.Now that Ive told you about all the components that dissemble up a computer its time to start deciding which to use. While deciding make real you read everything because youll need to make reliable everything is compatible. Now that youve bought all your components, its time for the moment of truth Youre ready to actually put together the machine. Assembling your computer can appear daunting, but its actually pretty easy. Heres what you need to do. To start, open up your cases box, take out the case, and open it up. ordinarily this involves un rip offing a few thumb screws on the rachis of your case and sliding the side panels off.Take a good look around your case and get acquainted note where the hard drive bays are, where your CD drive will go, whether the power supply jumps on the top or the bottom, and so on. There should also be a bag of s crews inside your case grab that now and set it aside because well need it in a few minutes. Open up your motherboard box and take out the I/O shield, which is the metal plate that protects the ports on the punt of your motherboard. You should see a rectangular space in the back of your case where this should go. Snap it into place. This takes quite a bit of force, so make sure all four sides are snapped in securely.Next, take out out your motherboard and fall up the ports on the back with the I/O shield. You should see that the holes on your motherboard line up with screw holes on the bottom of your case. There are likely more holes on your case than there are on your motherboard, so note which ones these are, and grab your motherboard standoffs from your bag of screws (they have a male screw end on one side, and a female screw hole on the other side). Screw the standoffs into those holes, and set your motherboard on top of them. Screw your motherboard screws into the standoffs so the motherboard is nearly mounted.Open up your processors box and quietly take it out. Your processor is one of the more breakable parts, so this is one step in which youll want to be careful. Find the corner of your processor that has a gold arrow on it, and then look at your motherboards processor socket for a similar arrowed corner. Line these two arrows up this is the direction your processor will go into the socket. Lift up the lever on the processor socket and put your processor in (Intel motherboards might also have a cover you have to lift up first). Pull the lever down to lock it into place.Again, do this gentlyit shouldnt require any feats of strength on your part, so if it isnt falling into place easily, somethings wrong. Take it out and try re-setting it, make sure your two arrows are lined up, and of course, double check that your motherboard and processor are of the same socket type. Once your processors in, grab the cooler that came with your processor (remember , if you got an OEM processor you have to buy a cooler separately). It should already have some silver thermal paste on the bottom. If not, youll need to pick some up from the computer store and put a very thin line on your processor.Installing RAM is very simple. Find the RAM sockets on your motherboard, and draw out the two clips on the side down. Line up the notch in your RAM stick with the notch in the socket, and press the RAM down into place. This might take a bit of pressure, so dont worry about being overly gentle. The clips should snap back into place when the RAM is fully in the socket. For your video card (or any other PCI expansion card), find the topmost slot that fits your card and match that up with its plate on the back of the case. Remove that plate and slide the PCI cards bracket in its place.The card should then be sitting on top of the socket, and all you need to do is press down to lock it into place. Then screw the bracket onto the case. Every case is a little bit different in how they install hard drives. Generally, there are two methods on some cases, you have to pull out a hard drive tray, put the drive in, screw it in securely, and then slide the tray back in. Other motherboards just require you to slide the bare drive into the bay and then screw it in snug after the fact. Check your cases manual for more detailed instructions on this case.The optical drive should be pretty self-explanatory. Just pull out the plastic cover on one of your 5. 25 drive bays and slide in your optical drive. Screw it into place if necessary. Once everything else is in, its time to install your power supply and plug everything in. (Note that if your case came with a power supply, you can skip this step, as itll already be installed). It should be pretty open where your power supply goes, as there will be a big rectangular hole on the back of your case. Some power supplies mount on the top, while some sit on the bottom of the case.Generally, they mount wit h the fan facing away from the edge of the case, unless that case has enough space in between the power supply mount and the end of the case to allow for airflow. Now that you have built your computer its time to plug it in and power it. From here its time to install an operating system (OS). There are several OS to pick from. The more common are Microsoft Windows and Linux. Each OS installs differently and each user has their own preference. Once you pick an OS read the instructions provided to install it. Now that you have installed the OS you now have a fully functioning computer that youve built.

Periodic Performance Review Essay

DEFINITIONA periodic mathematical operation surveil (PPR) is a self-assessment of standards whole of which are relevant to a health fearfulness organization. The Joint deputation of Health misgiving Organization conducts triennial surveys of health care organizations. The PPR involves an annual assessment of an organizations performance. The PPR pose the organizations performance in relationship to the standards dance orchestra forth by the Joint Commission. The standards are measured by elements of performance. Some elements of performance require a undecomposable response of yes or no while others require multiple possible responses (e.g., compliant, partial, and noncompliant). The PPR helps determines and organizations readiness for an accreditation auditPURPOSE OF PERIODIC PERFORMANCE REVIEWAn integral voice in the Joint Commissions accreditation process, PPR promotes continuous standard form through ongoing internal monitoring. Beginning in January 2006, the Joint C ommission expects organizations to conduct annual self-assessment against applicable Joint Commission standards, develop plans of action to address identified areas of non-compliance and identify measures of success in the identified problem areas to validate resolution. At the mid-cycle point, the organization is evaluate to share information with the Joint Commission. The ply at the Joint Commission will work with the organization to refine its plan of action to assure that the corrective efforts are on target.To address concerns about the potential disc allplaceability of PPR information, particularly where it is shared with the Joint Commission, the Joint Commission has established three options to the full PPR, for accredited-health care organizations pickax One The organization performs the full self-assessment, develops the plan of action and measures of success (MOS), just does not submit PPR data to the Joint Commission. At the time of the complete on-the-scene(preno minal) survey, the organization provides its MOS tothe Joint Commission surveyor team for assessment.Option Two The organization remains accountable for conducting a full self-assessment and developing plans of action and applicable MOS, plainly does not submit PPR data to the Joint Commission. The organization undergoes an on-site survey, which will be approximately one-third the length of a typical full on-site survey. The organization receives a report of the survey activities. Option Three The organization remains accountable for conducting a full self-assessment and developing plans of action and applicable MOS, except does not submit PPR data to the Joint Commission.The organization undergoes an on-site survey, as in Option Two, but no pen documentation or written report of the survey is provided to the organization. Nightingale Community Hospital is completing a PPR to assess the readiness of the infirmary for an upcoming accreditation by the Joint Commission. This analysi s will include1. The current compliance status of the hospital.2. Trends evident in the case study that may cause the organization to not be in compliance with regards of patient care as set forth by the Joint Commission. 3. A review of provideing of the hospitals patient care unit with regards of the performance breakment standard by doing the following a. An analysis of the data to determine the staffing patterns of the patient care unit. b. A plan to develop a staffing plan to disparage the number of falls in the patient care unit.CURRENT COMPLIANCE STATUSIn reviewing the data of Nightingale Community hospital, there are a number of compliance standards the hospital will need to address to remain in compliance with the Joint Commission standards which fall into several broad accreditation functions1) environmental Care the environment of care is made up of several areas in terms of patient care including the he building or space, including how it is ar scatd and the spare f eatures that protect patients, visitors, and staff, equipment apply to support patient care or to seriously operate the building or space, and people, including those who work within the hospital, patients, and anyone else whoenters the environment, all of whom have a role in minimizing risks. The self-assessment famed deficiencies with interim life safety measures (ILSM) which refers to the health and safety measures that are put in place to protect the safety of patients, visitors, and staff who work in the hospital. Environmental factors that include signs and path ways to an egress point, fire protection systems including dummy detectors (specifically noted in the self-assessment), fire suppression, fire extinguishers and fire alarm systems, smoke barriers, emergency evacuation plans, in addition to many other items that contribute to the well-being and safety of occupants in the hospital or healthcare facility.2) Nursing leading this specific deficiency noted out of comp liance line of battleed inconsistencies in nurses documentation and timeliness which affected morale3) Record of Care this compliance standard refers to all the data and information gathered about a patient from the moment he or she enters the hospital to the moment of discharge or transfer. The particular deficiency noted is verbal orders are not authenticated within 48 hours. This particular problem is noted under on several floors within the hospital4) Life pencil eraser A particularly critical standard in terms of patient care that is crucial in terms of patient and staff safety. The self-assessment noted clutter in hallways and carts in the hallways as noted in the observations during the PPR rounds.5) Information Management this patient care standards refers to the whether the hospital has a written indemnity regarding the privacy, security and integrity of health information. The deficiency noted prohibited abbreviations found in nurse notes and or physician orders as noted in the map review conducted the PPR rounds6) Medication Management this is an important component in palliative treatment of many diseases and conditions. To minimize harm, the hospital needs to develop an effective and safe medication system. The hospital deficiencies with this standard was noted in the staff interviews where it was shown nurses did not follow range order policy or could explain how this is executed. It was also noted the syringes were found unlabeled in the OR and Cath labs.7) Provision of Care, interference and Services (PC) these standards revolves around assessing patient needs and planning, providing and coordinating treatment and services. Several deficiencies noted in audit include day of procedure reassessment inconsistencies and absence of documented plan of anaesthesia8) Universal Protocol Hospitals are charged with developing guidelines for the instruction execution of the universal protocol for the prevention of wrong site, wrong procedure a nd wrong person surgery. in that location were several sentinel events noted in the self-assessment which appear to turn up an absence of a guideline for this crucial standard. A sentinel event is an unexpected occurrence involving death or serious physical or mental injury, or the risk thereof. These events included lung biopsy side unmarked and a knee arthroscopy site not marked.9) National Patient Safety Goals The National Patient Safety Goals (NPSGs) have become a critical method by which the Joint Commission promotes and enforces major changes in patient safety in thousands of participating health care organizations around the world. The criteria use for determining the value of these goals, and required revisions to them, are based on the merit of their impact, cost, and effectiveness. Two findings noted in the observation during the PPR included unlabeled basins and pre-labeled syringes.10) Medical Staff The organized medical staff and the g everywherening body collabora te in a well-functioning relationship, reflecting clear recognized roles, responsibilities, and accountabilities, to enhance the step and safety of care, treatment, and services provided to patients. This collaborative relationship is critical to providing safe, high quality care in the hospital. To meet this standard and to remain in compliance, the Joint Commission (JCAHO) requires accredited hospitals to examine and evaluate performance data for all practitioners with privileges on an ongoing basis as part of their Ongoing Professional Practice rating (OPPE) initiative. It was noted in the interviews with the medical staff the OPPE process does not meet standards.CURRENT TRENDS IMPACTING COMPLIANCEIn preparation for the audit, the self-assessment analysis included a review of current manners that may cause the organization to not be in compliance. Several major trends noted in the case study include fervidness Drill History ( Environment of Care) the data shows that the fire drills were not routinely performed in Nightingale Community Hospital that requires one drill per shift per disembowel. There was an average of three drills per quarter with no consistent methodology for conducting the drills per shiftor floor. This environment of care standards observation as noted above in the earlier section indicated smoke wall penetrations which could have been discovered in there were routine fire drills. Moderate Sedation Monthly Audit (Provision of Care, Treatment and Services) Moderate sedation provides a minimally reduced aim of consciousness in which the patient retains the ability to independently and continuously maintain an airway and suffice appropriately to physical stimulation or verbal command.The data showed in the Endoscopy Department a lack of pre-sedation ASA (American Society of Anesthesiology) and no documentation plan of anesthesia noted in endoscopy. The data shows that in pre-procedure, during procedure, and post-procedure no documen tation was consistently recorded. The trends show the first quarter had a high of 100% and low of 75% and a fourth quarter high of 100% and low 79%. Pain Assessment Audit (Provision of Care, Treatment and Services) Pain assessment is diagnostic dickhead to measure the suffering level of a patient before administration of a medication and following administration. The goal is assess the patients pain relief and thus the effectiveness of the therapy. The data shows that pain assessment and reassessment is consistently missing in the Emergency Department(ED). The data shows a trend of this occurring with a range of 65% to 82%.The data shows the other departments listed have a higher a level of compliance. 3E shows a range of 90% to 97%, whereas the Post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) shows a higher range of 95% to 99%. PI (Patient Injury) info Falls 4E (Life Safety) Falls in 4E were highly prevalent. The target goal for falls with injury is 0.62 per 1000 patient days. Several month s (January, February, April, July, and November) experienced 0 falls. In contrast, the other months experienced rates varying from 1.72 to 5.6. Data show trends show a marked improver over the last 7 months as compared to the first five months of the year that the data was collected. The target goal for all falls is set at 3.21. This number was achieved in five months, with 2 months (January and August) experiencing 0 falls. The data for falls overall in 4E appears to conflict with the data shown for fall with injury.The data shows no falls for the month of August, however, August also reports 4.5 falls with injury. Also, the month of October shows 4.1 total falls vs. 4.37 falls with injury. This brings to mind the reporting of the data, which has to be in error. PI (Patient Injury) Data falls For the Entire Hospital (LifeSafety) Overall, the hospitals falls and falls with injury are lower than that of 4E. That being said, trends show there is a rise in both(prenominal) categori es over the course of the year. In total falls there were peak months in March and September showing 5.1 and 4.9 respectively. In falls with injury, three month April thru June showed no injury related falls. Overall, the falls with injury are below the target as a mean total for the year. That being said, data clearly shows a trend towards increase of falls with injury. Prohibited Abbreviations (Information Management) The Joint Commission has sent forth a list of prohibited abbreviations that should not be used by healthcare organizations.This list includes but is not limited to medical terminology, disease states, units of criterion, and drug dosage forms. The use of abbreviations can lead to a misinterpretation of meaning which could use lead to an adverse event. The audit monitored the abbreviations cc and qd because they are the most frequently used prohibited abbreviations. Cubic centimeters are a measurement of volume and are abbreviatedcc. It is the cubic amount required to hold 1 milliliter of water. If poorly written it can be misconstrue as U for units, ml should be used instead of cc. The term qd means once daily. However, it is often misinterpreted for qid which means four times daily or qod which means every other day. The word daily should be written out. Aggregate data for the audit included the ICU, Telemetry and floors 3E and 4E. These abbreviations should never be used. The data suggest a high preponderance of the use of these abbreviations.The abbreviation cc was used far more frequently than qd. The monthly range for its use was 20 to 47 times monthly according to the data. By contrast the monthly range for the abbreviation qd was 10 to 25. The data suggest a steady trend in the use of prohibited abbreviations. Staffing Effectiveness (Nursing Leadership) Effective staffing by definition is the competency, number, and skill set of staff in its relation to patient care and treatment. The data used by the hospital to measure effectivene ss utilizes key indicators from clinical/service screenings and human resource screenings. This data is then analyzed to look at ways to access and improve staff effectiveness on a continuous basis. Clinical indicators include patient falls, patent falls with injuries, ulcer prevalence, and ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP). humans resource indicators include nurse care hours and overtime.Thecare areas associated with this data were ICU (intensive care unit), 3E and 4E. The data suggests no trends in relationship to nursing hours and falls and nosocomial ulcers in 3E. In ICU, data shows a decrease in falls from previous year from 4.1 to 1.9 per 1000 patients. Of the 1.9, which represents seven falls, five occurred in the first quarter of FY09. VAP change magnitude from 2.2 per 1000 ventilator days to 3.0 for current year. Trends show a decrease in falls however an increase in VAP. Trends also show a decrease in nursing care hours. In 4E, there was an increase in patient fal ls and nosocomial pressure ulcers.Falls change magnitude to 4.37 per 1000 patient days as compared to 1.47 per 1000 the previous year. Trends shows there appears to be relationship with falls and nursing care hours which shows an increase. There was also a slight increase in nosocomial ulcers during the period which appears to be a relational trend. Verbal Orders Authenticated Within 48 Hours (Record of Care) Data indicates a trend showing a decrease in verbal order authentication during the year collected. Quarterly averages show Q1-84%, Q2-87%, Q3-73%, and Q4-81%. The first half year average is 85.5% as compared to second half year average of 77%.PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT STANDARD STAFFINGA) STAFFING PATTERNS DATAIn analyzing the data, 3E (Oncology) maintained a relative consistent range of hours in nursing care over the course of the year. Peak nursing hours were used in the month of October which corresponded with the lowest amount of fall prevalence. However, the second month with the highest amount of nursing care hours had the highest amount of fall prevalence. There is also a linear trend showing an increase in falls over the course of the year. Data shows a decrease in nosocomial ulcers over the same time period. Prevention of falls and nosocomial ulcers are a nidus point of this unit due to patient population. Several staff members attended the NICHE program. The name stands for Nurses Improving Care for Health system Elders and is designed to improve recognition of age-related changes and increase nurses sensitivity. Nursing staff members who attended program shared knowledge with their colleagues and changes were implemented to improve patient care and cores.Changes included nurses prompting patients every two hours tovoid while awake to decrease urgency which could lead to falling or incontinence which could lead to pressure ulcers. The units nosocomial ulcers decrease from 2.76% in FY08 to 1.23% in FY09. The units year end falls average was 5 .45 compared to previous years 5.57. The linear trend which shows an increase in falls over the course of the most current year indicates that more training is needed. 4E experienced an increase in nosocomial ulcers and falls during the past year. The relational trend in nursing hours shows an increase through the year. The trend towards ulcers also shows an increase in through the year.However, the peak month for nosocomial ulcers shows occurred during the month that the third fewest nursing hours were used. This does not indicate a relational trend. The number of falls in 4E increased sharply in the year compared with the previous year. The current year showed an increase average to 4.37 as compared to the previous years average of 1.47. The peak month occurred in December showing an ever increasing trend. The nursing hours increased over the course of year. Data appears to suggest a relational trend with nursing care hours and patient falls. ICU showed an increase in falls from 1 .9 from the previous years average of 0.41.Five of the seven falls that occurred happened in the first quarter of FY09. There appears to be no correlation between nursing care hours and patient falls. VAP (ventilator associated pneumonia) increased from 2.2 per 1000 ventilator days to 3.0. This number indicates two infections versus one infection during the respective fiscal years. There appears to be no relational correlation with VAP and nursing hours. Due to the increase in VAP, the following actions were implemented that included* VAP bundle implementation including sedation vacation* Mouth care protocol* Daily rounds with the intensivistB) STAFFING PLAN MINIMIZE FALLSBased on the data, an initial conclusion can be drawn the number of falls decreased in 3E based on nursing staff after attending the NICHE Program and sharing information learned with colleagues the increase of falls prevalence through the year suggests more training is necessary. The other units could also benefi t from more training conducted on a monthly basis with thedesired outcome to reinforce policy and to impact future accreditation reviews. Inpatient working conditions have deteriorated in some facilities because hospitals have not kept up with the rising fill for nurses. This situation has motivated some state legislatures to enact or consider regulatory measures to assure adequate staffing. These regulatory measures assign some minimum level of staffing that all hospitals must(prenominal) meet regardless of the types and severity of patients. The number of nurses is not always a mitigating factor in the reduction of patient falls.However, there are a number of variables which should be factored in reviewing the falls such as fatigue from mandatory overtime with patient care and time consuming but necessary administrative tasks such updating patient records and documenting physician and other medical orders etc. Model Staffing Patterns In researching, various staffing models seve ral require keen care hospitals maintain minimum nurse-to-patient staffing ratios. Required ratios vary by unit, ranging from 11 in operating rooms to 16 on psychiatrical units. Most state legislation also requires that hospitals maintain a patient acuity classification system to guide additional staffing when necessary, assign certain nursing functions only to licensed registered nurses, determine the competency of and provide appropriate orientation to nurses before assigning them to patient care, and keep records of staffing levels.The Joint Commission recommends all nursing units be supervised by a registered nurse. Nursing Staffing Plan Based on Type of Care Another factor for consideration is the knowledge, skills and ability of the someone nurse. The safety and quality of patient care is directly related to the size and experience of the nursing workforce, Such as thoroughness in documentation, following protocol, and work pace. A comprehensive staffing pattern will have to take this into account in terms of reviewing the effectiveness of the individual nurses to reduce the occurrence of incidents. The chief nurse must monitor the performance of the nursing staff on a continuing and ongoing basis.

A Famous Metaphysical Poet Essay

Andrew Marvell was a famous Metaphysical Poet. Marvell lived from 1621 to 1678 and made a few accomplishments, his poem has unique style and field of study for his time, and his poem contains a muddy analysis. He wrote several approve poems To His Coy Mistress was one of his most ludicrous poems for the time in history which he lived. Born on bound 31, 1621, in Winestead-in-Holderness, Yorkshire, England Marvell was the son of an Anglican clergy man. He attended Hull Grammar school, and at the age of 12 began college at Cambridge University.He earned his bachelors full point in 1638, but it is believed that he stayed at Cambridge until 1641 for a masters degree. Not much is known about Andrew Marvells life though scholars do know in the 1650s he had a part in the English Government. In 1657 He was appointed Assistant Latin Secretary to the Council of the state in 1659 he concentrated more on political satire and stopped writing poetry. During Marvells life time Englands governm ent had some surprise changes.Monarchy and parliament worked together, but queen James I did not have the skill to manage a country, but the government gained more issues when his son, Charles I succeeded him. King Charles I was overthrown and beheaded. England wanted to establish a new government, after doing so Charles II was made King of England. Marvell died on August 16, 1678 due to a fever. dapple he is not thought to be married, shortly after his death, a woman claiming to be his widow published a volume of his poetry (Ruby 276).He was one of the chief wits and satirists, a Puritan, and a public defender of individual liberty during his time. Today he is just known for his poetry. (Margoliouth, Sackville-West, Hunt, Murray, Toliver, Legouis, Wallace, Friednreich, Donno. 1) In the 1600s Marvells poem To His Coy Mistress was seen as obscene and obscure because of his message in the poem, and the control the church had over the people. Marvell is considered to have been a carpe diem writer, and sometimes set forth as a metaphysical poet.Carpe diem means the writing style encourages a reader to keep apart the day because life is short Metaphysical poets use many unique metaphors and were very appreciated for their originality. Jeffrey Karon states To His Coy Mistress may be one of Marvells most destructive poems. Its strength is that having turned against itself in the judge manner of ironic poems, it then turns against its own internal objections (Karon par. 39). In the poem, the speaker describes how he could worship his bawd forever however part two the bill shifts to time rushing past and the mistresss physical beauty being wasted away with it.The speaker wants to beat time and enjoy his mistresss company. There are many different themes in To His Coy Mistress such as time, go to bed, passion, seduction, beauty, and death. This poem is of forty-six lines, and three separates dividing up the riming couplets. Marvell used personification, hyperb oles, and very bizarre metaphors. The speaker is speaking to his mistress in a rhetorical situation. He passionately describes his love for her and there is not ample time to live to show her how beautiful she is, and how great his love is for her.He wants his love with his mistress to go further by getting intimate with for each one other, although she wants to save her virginity due to her religious views with the church. He informs her if their love is true and they are in love, they should further their relationship. The woman is said to be coy because she is taking as well much time, and time doesnt stop for anyone. To His Coy Mistress is a sublime example of a carpe diem poem, a Latin phrase meaning seize the day (Adams par. 8). The first two lines of the poem the main theme, time, is introduced to the reader.It is basically saying life passes quickly and one should not waste their youth, that they should seize the day. The first paragraph of the poem the speaker describes how life is too short for them to waste time. He uses exotic metaphors such as, vegetable love to describe how long he could love his mistress. Beginning at line seven until line eighteen he uses hyperboles to describe the amount of years he could love her and devote to worship her. He describes her physical attractiveness and how long he could love every part of her body and of course her heart.In paragraph two the speaker goes from speaking of his love for his mistress to imagining her grave. He speaks of time as the driver in a chariot hurrying closer to them he uses hurrying to the show the distress of the bitty time they have. A few lines down in this paragraph, he describes to his mistress her virginity will eventually over time mean nothing, and when she dies it will be an unusual and worthless treasure. In the first few lines of third and final paragraph thespeaker describes his mistress as morning dew saying she is young and her skin a healthy glow just like the dew over t he grass in the early morning. Another exotic metaphor he uses is birds of prey. He and his mistress are the birds, and they are preying on time. They want to eat and not be eaten. The speaker finally breaks through and wins his mistress over using the last few lines of the poem. He is saying to her they should take every part of themselves, the strong, the sweet, and the vulnerable, roll it up into a ball and come together as one to beat time.Since they cannot make the sunbathe stay still they will race with him, the speaker using personification and making the sun seem like a person literally locomote with him. Marvell was not acknowledged for his unique, but brilliant poems until after his death, he changed the meaning of Metaphysical Poet. Marvell made a few accomplishments, his poems usually had unique style and theme for his time, and his poem contains a deep analysis. This could be a perfect poem for someone interested in love poems with deep meaning.

Why did stalemate develop on the western front?

Stalemate A deadlock in battle pip where neither side makes any progress. Stalemate occurred in the western front, during 1914-16 because of the threat of the Germans losing some farming caught from the French, which the French regained after a counter-attack. Both countries decided to refrain so therefore dug trenches from the Swiss mountains all the look to the sea. They did this because of the both the Generals had no back plan and couldnt think of another plan. A further meaning is that both armies were closely matched in strength and ammunition, even with give away alike sized armies.During the 1914s trench warfare had developed, instead of what happened in the Battle of the Somme, Generals make precautions to protect their armies. later after Frances counter-attack to regain the land lost to the Germans, Germany didnt want to be pushed back any further, so the Germans decided to dig trenches starting from the Swiss mountains all the way to the sea. It was the race to the sea.An additional reason of why stalemate occurred was the superiority of defensive measure. During the wars beyond the 1914 all the countries did was attack with either shells or running across no mans land with guns. The only defence was the barbed wire. However after the Battle of the Somme, Private George Coppard said that hundreds of the soldiers had died on the enemy wire. He also said The Germans must take been reinforcing the wire months. It was so thick that daylight could barley be seen through it.This showed that the Germans had been thinking defensively as well has attackingly. Another defensive based branch is the machine gun, the British and the French underestimated it, scarcely the Germans used it more to a greater affect against their Allies. After the attacks, which caused heavy casualties both forces made sure, they had an endless deliver of machine guns and ammunition. The trenches were also a strong defence as they sheltered troops and kept their territory b ehind them. During the battle of the Somme the Germans trenches were re-enforced inside with concrete present that trenches were thought of a defence mechanism.The stalemate could have occurred by the fact that both Generals had a lack of military expertise. General Von Kluck and General Joffe had no back-up plans in case their original plans had failed. Also Generals had been using 19th century methods in a 20th century battle show their incompetency of the fighting a war. I know this because General Haig wanted to fight a battle with men on horseback showing his lack of skill of being a General.Another potential motive of stalemate is that both Armies were closely matched, but not in size, but in strength, weapons, ammunition and artillery. Both forces had the same weapons of defence and attack such as machine gun, barbed wire and shell ammunition. None of the forces had the same amount of troops in their armies as Russia had the largest Army but was badly organised which gave t he Germans a small chance. The French and British Armies combined was a big force but so was the Germans and Austria-Hungarys. Both Armies had adopted the same method of fighting making it even more of a closer combat.My conclusion is that stalemate occurred because, not one, but many reasons such as the incompetence of the Generals who didnt have a back up plan so had to make do with trenches, also the way the weapons and way of fighting have changed from all out attack to a defensive encounter, which the generals couldnt figure out. The most apparent reason I find is the how trench warfare had developed and the race to the sea, which showed that neither untaught didnt, was to lose any more territory.

English History Boys

How does white avens use dramatic comedy to offer criticism of contemporary stances to command in The History Boys? In this essay I am going to explain how Alan Bennet uses dramatic comedy to criticise the contemporary attitudes towards education in the History Boys. The contemporary attitudes that are criticised are utilitarianism, humanitarianism and Pragmatism. He does this by using a range of satirical devices. Satire is the use of humour, irony, exaggeration, or unloosenicule to expose and criticize peoples stupidity or vices, particularly in the context of contemporary politics and other topical issues.It is usually used to comment on society by observing their way of idea and they way they behave. The History Boys is a satire because throughout the book each attitude is being criticised through the vitrines The Headmaster, Hector, Irwin and The Boys. All attitudes are shown to be in disagreement with each other as they all have a protestent view on education. The firs t attitude towards education Bennet presents us with is the Utilitarian attitude. This is where you only consider what will be best for a group of people and non just the individual.At the start of the novel Bennet introduces us to the character of the Headmaster who criticises the utilitarian attitude towards education in Thatchers Britain. This is shown to us in the opening scene of the play which was set in the staff elbow room and he headmaster was discussing the boys A Level results with their history teacher, Mrs Lintott (Dorothy). Their A Levels are very good. The fact that very good is in italics and is emphasised upon by the headmaster suggests to the readers that he is taking pleasure for himself from what the boys have achieved.By showing this Bennet has led the audience to acknowledge that the headmaster takes pleasure in others success even though he appears utilitarian. As we continue into the scene with Mrs Lintott and the Headmaster, we are shown that the headmaste r praises her for her part in helping the boys to pass however it could be argued that he is patronising her at the same cartridge clip by talking down to her. This is shown when he says Thanks to you Dorothy.Mrs Lintott suggests that they should continue with the way they are teaching in order to achieve better results however the Headmaster interrupts her by saying yes yes and continues to listing what he would like to happen. This is shown when he says I am thinking compact tables, open scholarships and reports to the Governors. The fact that the headmaster lists what he wants portrays him, to the audience, as being a selfish character, he does not want whats good for the boys exclusively he wants things that will make him look good. The constant use of I want also backs up the idea of him being selfish.However he also talks somewhat the boys doing themselves jurist, this could make us as readers question whether he does genuinely care about the boys future or whether it is a n act. This is shown when he says I want them to do themselves justice I want them to do you justice. Overall the audience could argue that in this scene, because there are differences between both the headmaster and Mrs Lintott there is a form of juxta locate between them as the headmaster mocks Mrs Lintotts attitude towards education which shows us that he does not care about what the boys achieve as individuals, he cares about what they achieve as a group.This therefore represents how Bennet has shown the Headmaster to criticise the Utilitarian view towards education. The second attitude towards education Bennet presents us with is the Humanism attitude. This is system of thought that centres on humans and their values, capacities, and worth. Bennet introduces us to the character of Hector. Within the very first page, Hectors intuitive knowing of education is set, where he refers to his subject as useless knowledge and A waste of time.This immediately suggests to the reader Hec tors general insensibility towards the subject, and, seeming to mock Houseman goes on to quote, all knowledge is useful whether or not it serves the slightest human use. However, as we learn that Hector is a man of studied eccentricity, and Bennett later goes on to import in the stage directions, an elaborate pantomime, all this it could be assumed that Hectors views of education differ from those he presents within the first scene.It is soon revealed that Hectors idea of education is the pursuit of knowledge for its own sake showing that he is not opposed to teaching he instead wishes to, as Timms puts it, make the boys more rounded human beings. This, then, gives context to Hectors referring to General studies as sugar eaten in secret his teachings are not to help the boys progressive school careers (forget about Oxford and Cambridge), but to provide the boys with something more personal and lifelong.For instance, when Timms tells Hector that he doesnt understandpoetry, Hector calms him by saying that he, himself, doesnt always understand poetry, but to know it now and understand it whenever, going on to say, Were making your deathbeds here, boys. Hectors approach is a clear substitute and antidote to Irwins direct and driven approach. The third and final attitude towards education Bennet presents us with is the Pragmatism attitude. This is basically where things are dealt with realistically rather than theoretically. Irwin first arrives at the school as the boys are about to start analyse for their entrance exams to Oxford and Cambridge University.He is immediately give the important job of teaching the boys just because he says he went to Oxford University. This is shown when the Headmaster says to Irwin Well you were at Cambridge and Irwin replies saying Oxford, Jesus. At this lay it could be argued that this is Bennetts way of demonstrating how where you learn can sometimes be worth more than what you learn, which supports the Pragmatic view toward s education it The History Boys. The first time we see Irwin it is in the future when he is acting as a spin doctor for the Government, he is in a wheelchair which acts as a muniment hook to the end of the play.He is telling the members of government how to act and what their attitude should be like and he is trying to convince them to agree with the idea of getting rid of the system of trial by jury. This leads on to Bennet showing us that Irwin has a different style of teaching to hectors, he does not educate the boys, but he teaches them how to write essays and how to pass their exams. This is how Bennett shows that the education system has change so that young people are not being educated as wholesome as they should be, theyre just being taught how to pass and nothing the might find useful later on in life.You can write down, Rudge that I must not write down every word that teacher says. This quotation is said by Irwin and it shows us that Irwin is saying to the boys until t hey dont write down what they have learnt in their own words then they wont understand anything and they wont be able to be self-sufficing and do as well when it comes to doing their exams. This clearly shows that Irwins method of educating the boys is clearly different to the other teachers.However other characters such as Hector seem to feel that Irwin is trying to replace his as the boys favourite teacher as they become fonder of Irwin they dont seem to be as fond of Hector as they were before Irwin arrived. In contradiction to Hector, the Headmaster is fond of Irwin as he seems to think that Irwin will be the best thing for the boys and the schools position on the League Tables. This is shown when the headmaster says Get me scholarships, Irwin, pull us up the table. The boys as a group show a suitably irrelevant attitude towards education.

The Drug Crime Relationship

There is no question that medicines and offensive atomic number 18 related, however difficulty stands when trying to establish a causative connection between the two. According to Ronald Akers, comp atomic number 18d to the abstaining teenager, the drinking, smoking and medicine taking teen is frequently more likely to be getting into fights, stealing, hurting some other bulk and committing other delinquencies (Gottfredson and Hirschi, 1990).At a surface level, do drugss and crime argon associationed as it is a flagitious offence to possess certain depicted objects unlawfully, however when looking deeper, where drugs are said to ca routine, influence or be associated with offending behaviour the subject becomes quite unclear. Three major models exist that examine the drugs-crime link and result be discussed thoroughly throughout this essay. Firstly is the model that suggests drug use leads to crime and offending behaviour.It offers the explanation that drug-users are ens laved, or behaving in delegacys which satisfy the thirst which very often leads to participating in criminal behaviour. A second model explains that crime leads to drug use, and the third that drug use and crimes have a common aetiology. Throughout this essay these models will be examined deeply in order to try and best understand the affinity between drug use and offending behaviour. The idea that drug use leads to crime is by farther the most believed and most popular idea out of the three.The reasons for this whitethorn lie in its heavy belief from the media and the government. It is sometimes represented as a direct causal effect and sometimes as just an association. There does stand much evidence in support of this theory, however no look into identifies a direct causal link which will be noted later. One theme carried out in this field gave the police power to perform drug tests on detainees in police custody and gave the courts the power to order the drug examination of offenders under the supervision of the probation service.In total they carried out a collective of 1,835 tests and found positive results in 63% of those tested in London, 58% of those tested in Nottingham and 47% of those tested in Strafford and Cannock. For those on probation over half tested positive ( Mallender et al. 2002, citied in Bean 2008). While support stands for this view, variations exist in the way drug use is said to cause crime.Three broad categories exist, firstly the psychopharmacological explanations, secondly the economic explanations and thirdly the drug-lifestyle explanation. Firstly the psychopharmacological explanations consider the effects of the drug chemicals have upon the human organism and what the behavioural outcomes may be. For example, the psychopharmacological model says that drugs cause violence because of their direct effects, as an effect users become impatient, irritable, energetic and erroneous often leading to criminal behaviour.Goldstein (1 985) believes the psychopharmacological model to be a direct effect model and argues that some individuals, as a result of of a sudden or long term ingestion of specialised substances, may become excitable, irrational, and may exhibit violent behaviour. Brochu (2001) claims that many drugs act on specific areas of the nervous system, including the frontal lobe and the limbic system, where the centres of aggressiveness and impulsiveness are located (Bennett and Holloway).While these are considered to be direct and instantaneous effects of drug use, in practice the psychopharmacological effects of drugs on crime are expected to function indirectly. Parker and Auerhahn (1998) stress from their research the overwhelming importance of the context in the relationship between substance use and violent behaviour, and as MacCoun et al (2002) claim it may be that no drug is sufficient to produce aggression in isolation from psychological and situational moderators. (Bennett and Holloway).T he second variation on how drugs cause crime is the economic explanation. This is very often referred to as the economic necessity argument which simply says drug users will commit crime for economic benefit in order to fund their drug addiction. Crimes associated with this explanation are most commonly prop crime including theft, shoplifting, burglary and blind however there are many links with violent crimes. One explanation for this is that habitual drug users face problems raising cash and therefore opt to perform street robberies. Baumer et al. 1998) argues that this type of robbery draws cash directly and is more intimately perpetrated during the hours of darkness when the streets are less crowded. Cash carries the advantage of being easily concealed and does not have to be exchanged at a discount unlike stolen property. (Bennett and Holloway). The third variation is the drug-lifestyle explanation. The theory focuses in particular, on the relationship between drug-using li festyles and violence. It offers the explanation that drug abusers are living within a community which is more likely to be a violent one when compared to a drug free community.The drug using community is one that is notoriously violent, especially when considering punishments for failing to pay debts, territory disputes and selling adulterated drugs. Other ideas focal point on lifestyle but not on violence consider that drug users often do not participate in the legitimate delivery and therefore the likelihood of them becoming involved in criminal activity is increased, and also they would be exposed to situations that encourage crime. (Bennett and Holloway).When considering the idea that crime leads to drug use, the research is scarce by comparison. If crime leads to drugs use there will be no reduction in criminality even with the successful treatment of the drugs problem. If crime leads to drug use then treatment should be directed at reducing the criminality, and the drug pro blem will be correspondingly reduced (Hammersley et al. 1989, cited in Bean p. 39). Researchers are heavily interested in finding what came first the drug problem or criminality?Early British studies found that close to 50% of heroin addicts were antecedently delinquent but, of course, 50% were not (Bean 1971). However, some researchers are sure they know the truth. Korf et al. (1998) belief that there is empirical support for idea prior criminal involvement increases ones chance of getting into drugs, claiming many current addicts have set out on a criminal path at an early age and before their first dose of heroin. These pre-drug criminals turn out to be the group most likely to generate their income from property crime. (Bean p. 9) As noted, there doesnt stand as much research into this field as the previous (drug use leads to crime) however, the theories which do stand can be divided again roughly into the three same categories, psychopharmacological explanations, economic ex planations and criminal lifestyle explanations. Explaining this idea through psychopharmacological means, researches such as Menard et al (2001) claim that criminals use drugs as a form of chemical recreation to celebrate successful crimes, pretty much in the same way wad use alcohol to celebrate a special occasion, (Bennett and Holloway, p. 6). In another way according to the psychopharmacological model, people who have planned crime office turn to drugs to enable themselves to carry out the planned actions. It is possible therefore to say that crime causes drug use because without the drug it is possible the crime wouldnt have occurred. The economic perspective explanation simply says crime causes drug use through crimes resulting in surplus cash which enable the offenders to buy drugs, unds which would not be available were it not for criminal activity (tim newburn). The criminal lifestyle explanations suggest that a criminal lifestyle tends to involve drug use every via sub-cu ltural values, through available opportunities or as a result of self-medication. Criminal activity in subcultures provides the content, the reference group and the definitions of a situation that are determinate to the subsequent involvement in drugs (White 1990 223, Bean p. 39).Evidence for this comes from a small number of studies, quoted by White, where she says the individual is placed in an environs which is supportive of drug use, and it is the inclination for sub-cultural status rather than a need for a drug which leads to the individual committing crimes. The available opportunities idea goes hand in hand with the situational crime theory, which states the individual makes a rational choice, essentially weighing up the pros and cons of their actions. If the pros outweigh the cons then the person will display offending behaviour.Supporters of situational crime prevention would say that crime leads to drug taking, and therefore by modifying crime hotspots and the environme nt, and by dealing with characteristics and location of suitable targets, drug taking can be reduced. The Third, that drug use and crimes have a common aetiology. This theory rejects strongly the simple causal explanation that drugs use leads to crime or the other, crime leads to drug use claiming the relationship to be far more complex than this.Rather, this suggests a common cause between the two, enforcing arguments that there are other factors involved which help explain both forms of behaviour. Such factors may take various forms including aspects of personality or disposal, aspects of a persons interpersonal social world (family, friends, peers) or some feature of the social environment in which they live (Newburn). These common factors can be grouped into three categories psychological, social and environmental.Psychological factors can be related to a persons genetics or temperament character. Many explanations focus on the determination of psychological factors as distal causes, which are those factors operating in the past that predispose people to act in certain ways. The social factors focus on social relationships and the way in which these may have an effect on crime and drug use. Peer pressing is said to be a major sway on a persons behaviour with regard to crime and illicit drug use. As White (1990) concludes in Bennet and Holloway (2005) Peer group nfluences are the best predictors of delinquency and drug use. With regards to the environmental explanation, factors within the environment are said to play a role in the drug-crime link. The social disorganization theory developed by Shaw and Mckay in 1942 was applied to help try and best explain the drug crime link in 2000 by White and Gorman, who argue that rates of violence and exposure to drugs was greatest in less affluent areas, densly populated areas, racially segregated areas and those that are composed of a transient population.A rather sociological version of the common cause idea i s a variation of the sub-cultural theory which sees drug use as a learned behaviour. Behavioural norms are learned from generation to generation and become internalised, which lead individuals within particular families or social groups to behave in the same manner with the same patterns of offending. To conclude, this essay has highlighted much evidence to suggest that drug use leads to crime, and the opposite, that crime leads to drug use.People who try illicit drugs are more likely to display offending behaviour than others however there is no persuasive research evidence of a causal link between drug use and offending within the majority of drug users. Much of the research provides conflicting explanations of the topic, however there does stand some common ground. There are no inconsistencies in the idea that drug use might sometimes cause crime and crime may sometimes cause drug use.However, as a general rule, research provides evidence sufficient to establish an association as appose to a direct causal link. This essay has also looked at the idea of a common cause or common aetiology between the relationship between drug use and offending behaviour, which is the idea that other factors such as personality, temperament, family or friends influences play a part in an individuals lifestyle and choices.

Censorship of Electronic Communication Systems Essay

Communication system of society is changing rapidly with the time. In ancient ages battalion use to drop dead with shouting. If people atomic number 18 much more apart from one a nonher the letter writing was the only kernel of parley just before 500 years. Due to rapid development of science, now a days a message can be passed to millions of people who every last(predicate) in all argon scattered in whole world by a simple electronic communication system. Due to electronic communication devices uncoiled as well as false message can be spread to the people with in short time, this may cause negative meeting on society and country. For shake of betterment sometime it is necessary to censor some of the news, ideas, books etc in the electronic communication.Electronic Communication. Every day, in our work and in our leisure time, we come in contact with and use a variety of modern communication systems and communication media, the most common being the telephone, radio, televi sion, and the Internet. Through these media we are able to communicate (nearly) instantaneously with people on different continents, transact our daily business, and receive information about various developments and events of note that occur all around the world.Electronic mail and facsimile transmission have made it possible to rapidly communicate written messages across great distances. Facebook, twiter, Hi5, blogs, online radio, online newspaper etc are the easiest way to spread a news or rumor. Censorship. Censorship the conceal of the information and ideas circulated within a society has been a hallmark of dictatorships throughout history. In the 20th Century, censorship was achieved through the examination of books, plays, films, television and radio programs, news reports, and separate forms of communication for the purpose of altering or suppressing ideas found to be offensive or offensive.The rationales for censorship have varied, with some censors targeting material deemed to be indecent or obscene heretical or blasphemous or seditious or treasonous. Thus, ideas have been suppressed under the guise of protecting three basic social institutions the family, the church, and the state. Censorship is the suppression of speech or other public communication which may be considered objectionable, harmful, sensitive, or inconvenient as determined by a government, media outlet, or other controlling body. It can be done by governments and private organizations or by individuals who engage in self-censorship.It occurs in a variety of different contexts including speech, books, music, films, and other arts, the press, radio, television, and the Internet for a variety of reasons including national security, to control obscenity, child pornography, and hate speech, to protect children, to promote or restrict political or religious views, and to prevent slander and libel. It may or may not be legal. M any(prenominal) countries provide strong protections agains t censorship by law, but none of these protections are absolute and it is frequently necessary to balance conflicting rights in order to determine what can and cannot be censored.Example of Censorship 1. Mobile network coverage was not allowed in Chittagong hill districts for insurgency problem. Insurgents and miscreants used to communicate with each other and operate against general people. 2. Censorship is also imposed on social media alike(p) facebook, tweeter, YouTube in many Muslim country like Syria, Pakistan , Bangladesh, Indonesia etc for protesting against disrespect to their beloved prophet. 3. People below 18 years are not allowed to watch or visit some of the adult site or web/books. 4. Recently in our country its one of the hot topic .Some blogger insulted our beloved prophet through the blog. To split up violation among people Bangldesh government stop some of the blogs.Benefits of Censorship It is evident that the hotly debated issue concerning media censorship is h ardly started, especially in todays ever changing media. With the ever changing medial rules and regulations, media authorities are always on their toes with regards to evaluating what is fit for publication or broadcast. This article aims at highlighting both the pros and cons of censorship.1. National Issuea. In present days a country involve in developing nuclear weapon impasses ban on telecasting or broadcasting any news regarding nuclear weapon subject. b. A scandal or spreading obnoxious picture of very high official of the country needs a immediate censorship on electronic midea.2. Censorship on news During martial law special censorship is done in print and electronic media.3. Protects young children. The most obvious benefit of censorship includes radical regulations aimed at protecting children from obscene content. Moreover, media censorship do prevent hate speech and other organizations that spread hate ideologies. By filtering media content, parents are sure that their children are safe from obscene content.4. Upholds social value Internet censorship, on the other hand suppresses the share-out of information to such an extent that some websites are not accessible. In fact, some countries from different parts of the world have installed internet/media censorship to help keep the values and tradition restored/ or alive. With that said, media censorship plays an essential role in safeguarding moral and social value in the society.5. Protects against sexism and racism We are all familiar with the saying that our children are future leaders. Many folks have devoted their time to molding their childrens future. Since children learn from their peers and what they see on television, media censorship aims to protect them against sexism, racism and segregation. That way, children are raised well and with admirable social values.

Annotated Bibliography Essay

1.) How do we choose which laws are just and which ones are not? Unjust laws are those that intentionally prohibit the somebodys civil liberties, according to the articles.2.) What laws do you see that would fit the model for what king would call inequitable? Thanks to Dr. King and new(prenominal) plenty who have impacted the past of civil rights problems I move intot see many an(prenominal) examples of unjust laws. The use of Marijuana is back upd to be used in some religions, although in this country it is illegal.Think of some unjust things you have witnessed and failed to act on.1.) Had you acted on it alone, would your involvement have changed anything? No, I would have been out numbered and possibly put myself and my children in harms way.2.) What if we all reacted too swiftly and jointly to matter of injustice? If most individuals would react too swiftly in a short letter they would make irrational decisions and not take the time to think the situation through.3.) How d oes the act of exercising of our prototypic am give the sackment rights, especially when we work together, jockstrap to shape the realism we live in? The problem is too many mess expect other people to fix their problems, so it may be difficult to encourage many of them to use their first amendment rights. If we could get to a point of a group of people running(a) together then yes I do feel that we would be able to decide on a reasonable, legal conclusion.4.) How did the Occupy Wall Street Movement (OWS) use civil disobedience tofurther its sweat? They worked together and came up with their solution which wouldnt cause any more situations or violence and hostility.5.) Considering the outcomes associated with the OWS Movement, could we outcry that the days of effective civil disobedience are over? No, in my opinion most lifesize events that have large outcomes tend to occur at least once again in the prospective with double the power.Annotated bibliography EssayThe violenc e portrayed in the media tends to make the in the public eye(predicate) more aggressive and hypersensitive to violence by the simple factor of imitation. Moreover, due to the amount of violence exposure, the public ends up having a falsified idea of the land in which they live. Media violence has eer been an emerging topic. We live in a world in which media is present in our everyday lives whether we are watching the news, or watching a film, perceive to a song, or even playing a video game. Many studies have showed a take correlation betwixt the amount of violence exposure and the aggressive and uncivilised behaviour reflected in a certain individual. Moreover, after being constantly exposed to reddish contents, the public ends up believing the world is a cruel and unsecure place. This topic is therefore very interesting to pursue and study in bless to have a better understanding of it. The re face I will follow will help show whether the media is in fact affecting the us ers minds and behaviors.Before taking on the topic I picked, I decided to go to the library to vex relevant sources discussing violence in the media. I was sure to dislodge credible and accurate sources from the AUD database, as all the articles are peer-re mountained. Moreover, as I am a media educatee in the school of communications and schooling studies, I am currently reading a tidings available at the library, entitled Media, Culture and Society by author Paul Hodkinson. It was interesting to husking a section discussing video recording violence. There was also an interesting experiment led by Albert Bandura in order to study the behavioral effect that media violence has on the population. These sources would be extremely beneficial and recyclable to my research paper. Moreover, I was impressed by the great number of journal articles discussing this specific topic, and they were easy to find on the AUD database entitled expand pedantic ASAP.I also managed to find many online sources on search engines such as Google. However, it was hard to evaluate the reliability and credibility of the sources as some important information were missing, such as the authors name, and the date the article was published. Therefore, I chose to include only a some specific electronic sources, the ones that seemed most accurate to me. Finally, I thought it would be interesting to do a short survey consisting of questions such as the amount of TV consumed daily, the video games played, the most unfounded movie ever watched, if they were ever in a fight. However, my survey cannot be part of my paper as the people Itargeted were classmates, and were in majority highly educated and media literate therefore, the media they consumed is not believed to make them more aggressive.Annotated bibliographyCallahan, Sidney. What We See, We Do Violence and the Media. Commonweal 123.1 (1996) 6+. Expanded Academic ASAP. Web. 20 Mar. 2014. Describes how people learn boisterous behav iour by seeing it enacted. States that even children who are not directly affected by belligerence learn the behavior and remember how its done. They end up having a tendency of imitating the act of violence. Claims people psychologically accept and become what they see through the media. This article would be interesting for my paper as it highlights the power of media and the power of imitation.Diorio, Geri. The Mean World Syndrome Media Violence & the Cultivation of Fear. School Library Journal Dec. 2010 61. Expanded Academic ASAP. Web. 20 Mar. 2014. This documentary portrays media scholar George Gerbner who explains his theory concerning the effects of being exposed to high levels of media violence. Gerbner believes that the public is in constant thought that the world is a cruel place the public therefore always feels insecure. The documentary discusses a study showing some statistics on crimes rates and peoples beliefs on the number of crimes occurring every year. It would be interesting to discuss this study in my paper.Gentile, Douglas A., and David A. Walsh. A Validity tryout of Movie, Television, and ikon-Game Ratings. Pediatrics June 2001 1302. Expanded Academic ASAP. Web. 20 Mar. 2014. Discusses movie, television and video-game ratings. Indicates that parent ratings and industry ratings differ regarding the amount of unfounded content and portrayals of violence. Proposes that industry ratings systems should be revised with the help of professional communities to improve their reliability. Based on unoriginal sources. This article would be interesting for my paper as it shows that the ratings are not fully credible, and many people manage to trespass them.Hodkinson, Paul. Media, Culture and Society An Introduction. London SAGE, 2011. Print. A section in the book, entitled Bobo Dolls and short-run behavioural effects undertakes an experiment led by Albert Bandura who is influenced by the social learning theory, which focuses on the aptitude of individuals to learn behaviours by observing others. This experiment is therefore useful and interesting for my paper as it takes on a valid study.Lemish, Dafna. Will This Happen to Me? Childrens Exposure to Disaster, Violence in the News. Gateway news media Review (2013) 10+. Expanded Academic ASAP. Web. 20 Mar. 2014. Examines childrens exposure to violence in the news. States that children and new-made people are audiences too and are frequently exposed to news voluntarily or accidently. They end up having a very negative image of the world the live in. The author discusses her point of view and gives accurate examples that would be useful for my paper.Markey, Patrick M., and Kelly Scherer. An Examination of Psychoticism and Motion Capture Controls As Moderators of the make of cutthroat Video Games. Computers in Human Behavior 25.2 (2009) 407+. Expanded Academic ASAP. Web. 20 Mar. 2014. Examines the potential moderating effects of bowel movement capture technology and partic ipants own level of psychoticism on their hostility and aggressive thoughts after playing violent video games. Shows that participants with elevated levels of psychoticism are much more affected by violent video games than other participants. Provides factual information based on formal studies.Media Violence. Pediatrics June 1995 949+. Expanded Academic ASAP. Web. 20 Mar. 2014. Describes the procedure of pediatricians in the entertainment industry and the media. Proposes that pediatricians collaborate with TV stations and networks to limit childrens exposure to violent content and counsel parents to monitor their childrens TV viewing habits by limiting them to a few hours. Based on secondary sources and provides information from formal studies. Nikkelen, Sanne W. C., et al. Media Violence and Childrens ADHD-Related Behaviors A Genetic powerPerspective. Journal of Communication 64.1 (2014) 42+. Expanded Academic ASAP. Web. 20 Mar. 2014. Provides insight into the role of genetic fa ctors in media effects. Examines the relationship between media violence exposure and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and states genetic disposition as a assertable cause of individual differences in childrens use of and susceptibility to media violence. It would be interesting to mention in my paper how genetics can also be a factor in media effects. Swani, Kunal, Marc G. Weinberger, and Charles S. Gulas. The Impact of Violent Humor on Advertising Success A Gender Perspective. Journal of Advertising Oct.-Dec. 2013 308+. Expanded Academic ASAP. Web. 20 Mar. 2014. Examines this convergence of humor and physical violence in advertising. Provides two studies of the responses of men and women to violence in humorous advertising.The results suggest there may be risk in the use of aggression with female audiences and that such gender effects can be explained by differences in mens and womens perceptions of humor and violations of social norms. Accurate examples and stati stics are given based on multiple studies. Tompkins, Aimee. The Psychological Effects of Violent Media on Children. The Psychological Effects of Violent Media on Children. AllPsych Journal, 14 Dec. 2003. Web. 20 Mar. 2014. Examines the correlation between aggressive behaviour and exposure to media violence. States that violent video games have a greater impact than television as the participant is acting out the violence instead of simply watching it, he/she ends up identifying with it and performing it r egardless of the consequences. . Gives specific news coverage examples on violent acts such as crimes, which would be extremely useful for my paper.

Management: Literacy and Information Systems Essay

1. Describe three (3) ways in which information system are transforming business. (33 points) trine ways in which information systems are transforming are as followed. The first way is the way in which communication is straight off being delivered. Landline communication was once the only and main communication shot however with the increase in technology there is in a flash mobile and internet. I also disturb to travel agencies who no longer have to provide over the counter service because technology has liberal so big that persons tramp now order and book their own flight.I also invoke back to the telephones which are now coming internet hirey. My Second point is, while technology is pronto improving organizations reduces the amount of employees. As a result, multi-level management structure is being eliminated and obviously various manual of arms labors are being replaced by technological machines. Responsibilities and duties are also becoming flexible among employees as forethought nurture Systems help their duties become easier and faster to complete and most especially, software allows them conduct major decisions with less(prenominal) supervision.My final point is services and products are not restricted to one location however is now being offered worldwide. Modern day technology provides reliable cheap and efficient communication systems. The internet has now become the best way to introduce a company and its products. 2. What is information systems literacy? How does it differ from computer literacy? (34 points) Information Systems Literacy is having knowledge of the hardware, software, peripherals and network components common to most Information Systems according to the business dictionary.In my words it path the ability to access, organize and evaluate information from different sources. In differentiated the two, Computer literacy is defined as having knowledge of how to use technology in order to manipulate software and hardware. Hav ing the both definition we can see although the definitions are different there is a link between the both. With the Information Literacy one analyzes what has been read and learned and then apply it while Computer Literacy can have the knowledge but get int know how to apply it.So I concluded that information literacy takes the knowledge to the next ill-use by organizing and evaluating what has been found while Computer Literacy has the technology to manipulate the computer but might not be able to complete the transaction. 3. List and describe the organizational, management, and technology ratios of in-formation systems. (33 points) The organization property of information systems pay of issues such as the Organizations hierarchy, functional specialties, business processes, culture, and political interest groups.The management dimension of information systems involves setting Organizational strategies, allocating human and financial resources, creating new products and servic es and re-creating the organization if necessary. The technology dimension consists of computer hardware, software, data management technology, and network-ing/telecommunications technology. References Laudon, J. P. (2013). Management Information Systems Managing the Digital Firm Text Boston Pearson learnedness Solution.

How does the presentation of Iago in Act1 sn1 lines 41-66 and Act1 sn3 lines 365-385 prepare the audience for the tragedy of Othello?

The two passages in question, the first a speech Iago makes at the start of the breeze, and the second, a short soliloquy at the halt of Act 1, introduce the reference to the feature of Iago and the feelings he has towards Othello which get out drive the action of the play and figure the tragedy. In the play, we see Othello, a heroic character, fall from grace. Shakespe bes successful use of peripeteia is accentuated by Othellos get hold of through adversity and what he has managed to achieve, especially in Venice which was the more or less powerful society in the gentlemans gentleman for a time.It was un-heard of for a moor to pass on reached such(prenominal) a momentous position considering the racism at this point in history. Othello is to a fault a character that the audition can empathize with easily. This emphasizes the tragedy of Othello out-of-pocket to the fact that he doesnt deserve to sacrifice been plagued by trickery resulting in him murdering Desdemona an d then killing himself. He has been entirely manipulated by Iago. He is the artist behind the fall of Othello. He realizes that Othello can be tenderly led by the nose as asses are and is clever and ruthless enough to take favor of him and exploit his flaw, jealousy.Iagos exploitative nature is communicated to the audience when he is talking to Roderigo intimately how he dislikes the Moor and says, I follow him to serve my mold upon him. This statement fall ins Iagos feelings towards Othello, as well as an insight into the way he thinks and his priorities in look. This suggests that Iagos motive is just to climb on to the top of society without regard or respect for anyone elses emotions. An casing of this is when Iago is telling Roderigo how he feels about certain types of employees, the types that line their coats.He states that these people have soul and believes such a one I do profess myself. This shows the audience Iagos selfish and power hungry temperament. It is ra ise how Shakespeare has chosen to put a full stop after the word myself. He has chosen non to use enjambment, which he uses abundantly throughout the text. When listening to someone act out this speech, t present would be a pause after this word that would let the audience have time to think about the statement just voiced. Iagos desire for status brings to light the theme of class.Iago feels an extremely strong desire to climb to the highest class and profess himself a success. This could be seen as his primary motive for money and power and at last status. However, he also wishes to break the bond amongst Othello and Desdemona. As well as revealing his character to the audience, these two quotations foreshadow and prime the audience for a tragic ending, one in which Iago willinging turn upon Othello, a noble and trusting character. Iagos motives are often unclear and we end up speculating that he is jealous, racialist or insecure.The presentation of Iago in the penultimate c urse of the first speech, invokes images of pain, destruction, darkness and possibly some of the aforesaid(prenominal) insecurity. He voices a sinister yet almost vulnerable statement to Roderigo when he says I will wear my middle upon my sleeve/ For daws to peck at. This can be interpreted in many ways. hotshot of which is that Iago feels that he has done so much wrong that he is leaving his feelings unmannerly for the people rough him to peck at with the daws symbolizing the people.This would suggest that Iago does have a heart because he feels punished for how he treats his companions and the net of lies he weaves around them. Moreover, leaving ones heart upon ones sleeve could be seen as an act to open their heart to the world, leaving one vulnerable and defenceless. This metaphorical image of a bird pecking at his heart paints an enduringly dark and depressing picture for the audience. Conversely, we could see this quote as Iago feeling he should be punished. We could also see it as Iago being self destructive and almost psychopathic.The structure chosen here by Shaksespeare suggests that this statement should be read as a sinister one as oppose to a vulnerable one. The writer has chosen to continue this sentence onto the next line. His use of emjambement here suggests that the audience should hear the statement all as one. There is no pause between sleeve and for daws.. . In addition, the fact that Iago doesnt care that he is leaving his feelings so vulnerable makes us think that he has no care for his emotions and anyone elses whatsoever.It is also teetotal because he is saying he will reveal his feelings, his emotions and his true self, further succeeds in manipulating all of the characters due to his immense power to lie, deceive and erect an impregnable faiade. Shakespeare alludes to themes such as race and class in the last sentence of the first speech that also portray Iagos trivial character. Iago ends his speech to Roderigo by saying I am not what I am. We have already knowing that he is a tawdry and confusing character however this statement means that he could have been putting up a faiade this whole time and none of what he said could be true.As and audience, we feel that Shakespeare has employed this dramatic device to keep us guessing. Moreover, this is interesting because we would usually expect Iago to reveal this about his character in a soliloquy rather than in conversation with another character. Shakespeare has most definitely chosen this short punchy sentence to end his speech for a reason. This is the main thought that the audience are left with. This is a key function in helping the audience to suspend their disbelief. ceremonial the play you would be confused trying to understand his character and then seconds later the dialogue resumes between Iago and Roderigo.There is also another interesting interpratation of this statement that relates to class and race. At the time, white people considered themselves the higher(prenominal) power compared to black people. White people considered themselves clean and proper and considered black people dirty and improper. However, this is ironic because Othello, the black character or Moor is the noble, kind and strong character. And Iago is portrayed as being sinister, deceptive and crazy. We could see this as an attempt by Shakespeare to attack the ideals and beliefs of the time by turning them over and challenge them.The end of this passage gives the audience the idea that good will not prevail over evil resulting in a devastating end to the play. The second passage, Iagos soliloquy, starts with him telling the audience that whenever he can, he will take advantage of any fool for his profit. This once again communicates his exploitative nature and alludes to the idea that eventually Othello will become his purse. He then goes on to say I hate the Moor,. Once again Shakespeare has used structure to emphasize a certain point. This b eing that Iago despises Othello.He does this by starting the sentence with I and has placed a comma after moor which sections off this declaration causing a pause after hearing which leaves time for this statement to be absorbed by the audience. Iago is portrayed as being sexist in the beginning of his soliloquy when he says that by Othello sleeping with his wife he has done his office. Referring to his wife as his office now would be a potentially life threatening comment, however at the time it was thought that men were above women and a womens place was at home, cooking, cleaning and holding together the home-life.He is referring to Emilia as if he can do with her as he wants. This suggests she is his sex object and reaffirms him as the duplicitous man that he is. Iagos character is portrayed as evil and scheming in the last sentence of his soliloquy. After Iago has been plotting he has conjured up a pattern to frame Othello by exploiting his trusting nature. This is communicat ed when he says Hell and night/ Must bring this monstrous ingest to the worlds light. This conjures up images of death, pain and evil beasts. This is a very powerful statement and has the most significance in terms of alluding to the tragic ending of Othello.It is also interesting because Shakespeare has chosen to write this in verse. This adds a poetic and almost beautiful aura to what Iago is saying. It is intriguing yet horrific at the same time. He has also chosen to use figurative speech that makes the audience think more about what is being said. This is exemplary of Shakespeares fondness for dramatic irony. He may have been alluding to the overall themes of the play here in this one line. Specifically, the contrasting notions of heaven vs hell, light vs dark and good vs evil. In conclusion, we can see that both speeches play key roles in preparing the audience for the tragedy of Othello.The first speech reveals much about Iagos character including his manipulative and expl oitative nature. It is revealed to the audience that Iago is complex and intelligent but that these traits are ominous ones. Iago is portrayed in such a disconfirming way that it leaves the audience thinking that there could only be a negative ending to the play. The assumption is that evil will prevail. However at this point in the play we have not met Othello. We are not sure whether what Imago is saying about Othello is true which means that the audience are ill prepared at this point for the tragedy of Othello.In Iagos soliloquy he begins to engineer his stick out to defeat Othello. At this point we have met Othello and we are aware of his trusting nature that becomes his downfall at the end of the play. Shakespeare uses a combination of structural techniques, language and themes to help the audience prepare for the tragedy that follows. I believe that Shakespeare was attempting an attack on the ideals and beliefs in society at the time and was trying to tell the worlds that f airytales do not usually come true and that humans will ultimately be the makers of their own downfall.